The primary ethical concerns that IRBs and investigators must grapple with when designing and reviewing studies involving the use of genetic information are privacy, confidentiality, informed consent, and return of results.
People are concerned about a few ethical quandaries. Being able to obtain the information contained in the DNA structure may result in people being discriminated against when applying for jobs or insurance coverage. Another contentious issue is the possibility of selecting fetuses during pregnancy.
Genetic counseling raises unique ethical concerns about confidentiality and privacy protection. Individual information, family history, carrier status, and risk of genetic disease to self or offspring can be stigmatizing and should be kept private.
Presymptomatic testing, carrier screening, workplace genetic screening, and insurance company testing all raise serious ethical concerns. Second, the growing ability to manipulate human genotypes and phenotypes raises a slew of serious ethical concerns.
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