Answer: D. continuously compounded risk-free rate.
Explanation:
A call option is simply referred to as a contract that is made between a buyer and a seller at a certain price which involves the exchange a security. The security might be a bond, stock etc.
The value of a call option is affected by the strike price, stock price, standard deviation of the returns on a risk-free asset and the time to maturity.
Answer and Explanation:
Unemployment rate = (Unemployed/Labor force)*100
Labor Force Participation Rate = (Labor force/Adult population)*100
Labor force = number of unemployed + number of employed
Adult population = employed + unemployed + not in the labor force
When homemakers are included in the labor force as employed then the unemployment rate would go down, labor force would increase and so the labor force participation rate would increase.
The unemployment rate would decrease and the labor force participation rate would increase.
Answer:
Items of Cash : Cash and Till float
Risks : Fraud and Theft
Controls : Segregation of duties over the receipt and recording of money and Every cashier should only be responsible for his own funds.
Test of Controls : Do a surprise cash count and Enquire about and observe the controls over cash by management
Explanation:
Bank and cash transactions occur on a daily basis in all businesses. Although the cash and bank balances may not individually be significant, annually the volume of cash and payment transactions and bank deposits can be significant to the entity.
Items of Cash
Cash balances comprise the following:
Risks
Cash is highly susceptible to fraud and theft by employees, often in collusion with third parties.
To mitigate this risk related to cash balances, management will usually implement strict control policies and procedures for cash handling and recording.
Controls in the bank and cash cycle can be divided into 2 categories:
Basic Controls
- Segregation of duties over the receipt and recording of money.
- Different forms of cash (sales, petty cash, cash loans) should be kept separately and recorded separately.
- Proper stationery control. Receipts, cash sales slips/invoices must be numerically recorded
- Safeguarding of money. Cash must be locked in a Volt and deposited as soon as possible. You would also need control over the key to the Volt.
Control over Cash
- Cashier must balance cash on a daily basis and must compare it with the source documents (receipt, cash invoices, cash register totals) and record it on a cash receipt summary. The Cash Receipt Summary must be Signed by the Cashier, Independently reviewed by the Senior Official.
- Every cashier should only be responsible for his own funds. Usually during lunch. Cash registers must be locked away.
- Every cashier should be responsible for his own float. They should lock in Cash Drawer.
- Supervision over cashiers. Through the use of Cameras.
- Cash must be banked as soon as possible.
Audit approach for testing these accounts
- Enquire about and observe the controls over cash by management.
- Do a surprise cash count (also attend on a surprise basis the daily balancing of cash). In the presence of a Cashier who signs back of the receipt, agree the cash with the supporting documentation (receipts, cash invoices, cash register total) and follow the float through to the balance in the ledger.
- At a later stage follow the cash counted through to deposit slip, and agree it with the cash counted, ensure they are banked timeously and follow the total of the deposit slip through to the cash book and bank statement.
Answer:
to determine her income level, we must add Mary's net salary during the first 3 months + total unemployment benefits for the first 13 weeks (April, May and June) + unemployment benefits for the next 13 weeks (July, August and September) + her normal income received during the last part of the year
total income = ($40,000 x 1/4) + ($947 x 13 weeks) + ($347 x 13 weeks) + ($40,000 x 1/4) = $10,000 + $12,311 + $4,511 + $10,000 = $36,822
total spending = normal spending level during 6 months + reduced spending level for the other 6 months
total spending = ($39,000 x 1/2) + ($39,000 x 1/2 x 9/10) = $19,500 + $17,550 = $37,050
