Question

what component of virtualization controls all physical memory, and thus has the ability to make any unused memory pages in each guest available for other virtual machines or the host computer?

Answer 1

Since the hypervisor, a component of virtualization, is in charge of managing all physical memory, it can make any memory pages left over in each guest virtual machine available to other virtual machines or the host computer.

What Exactly Is A Hypervisor?

A hypervisor is a class of computer software, firmware, or hardware that builds and manages virtual machines (also known as a virtual machine monitor, VMM, or virtualizer). A host machine is a computer on which a hypervisor is running one or more virtual machines, and a guest machine is a specific virtual machine. The hypervisor controls how the guest operating systems are executed and provides them with a virtual operating environment. The visitor often uses the native hardware to carry out instructions, unlike an emulator. The virtualized hardware resources may be shared by several instances of various operating systems. For instance, Linux, Windows, and macOS instances can all operate on a single real x86 computer. Contrastingly, with operating-system-level virtualization, each instance (often referred to as a container) only needs to share a single kernel, while the guest operating systems—such as various Linux distributions using the same kernel—can differ in user space.

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