Gloria, a misophoniac, (someone who has an extreme reaction to unpleasant sounds) can't stand the sound of the seat belt warning
bell in her new CRV. Although she would prefer not to wear her seatbelt, she gives in and buckles up to avoid hearing the bell. Honda, (who makes the CRV) has designed the bell to act as a O positive punishment O positive reinforcement O negative punishment O negative reinforcement
By removing a pleasurable stimulus, negative punishment works to reduce a behavior. For instance, a parent may deprive a child of their preferred toy if they misbehave. In this instance, the behavior is decreased by removing a stimulus (the toy). Positive reinforcement is the most efficient method for teaching a person or animal a new habit. A desirable stimulus is provided to behavior in positive reinforcement. In order to improve behavior, negative reinforcement involves removing an unfavorable input.
For instance, the seatbelt systems in cars that "beep, beep, beep" until you fasten your seatbelt employ the concepts of negative reinforcement.
Use of power / authority is very common at work space. Compelling subordinate to do a task out of their job description and firing them in case they fail to do so is use of power. Same is mentioned in the question statement that Marietta's boss may fire her for not doing something which is not in the job description.
because they want everyone to be part of the meeting and some members were not so the ones who were invited should have pride that they are in the meeting
