The ingredients given are for 4 dozen cookies; however, Christian only want to make one dozen, meaning he requires only 1/4 the ingredients. 
 1/4 of 2 1/4 cups of while sugar is found the following way. 
First, we write 2 1/4 as an improper fraction 

1/4 of this is 

Hence, Christian requires 9/16 cups of white sugar. 
Similarly, the 1/4 of 3/4 cups of brown sugar is 

Hence, Chrisitan requires 3/16 cups of brown sugar. 
Therefore, the total cups of sugar required is the sum of 

3/4 cups of sugar.