Answer:
The answer is exogenous/non-self signals.
Explanation:
- All types of stimuli that trigger certain responses from cells are broadly classified into two categories:
- Self/ Endogenous Ligands
A ligand is a carrier molecule that can binds to a stimulus, thus, producing a signaling molecule. Ligands bind to specific receptors in or the surface of the cell.
Self/endogenous signals are signaling molecules produced by the body itself. They are part of normal cellular communication.
2. Non-self/Exogenous Ligands:
These are signals produced by a foreign source such as a pathogen or a drug administered into the body. Basically, any signal that is foreign to the body and not produced by the body itself are exogenous ligands. Exogenous ligands elicit an immune or allergic response in the body. When identified, these ligands and their source is attacked by the immune system.
B) Fixation
The remaining processes do not help the Nitrogen content in the soil very much.
Car A is the answer because that would have negative acceleration
Yes, this observation is testable because you can do the experiment with your own controlled conditions and see if this with the milk would happen again.
It is qualitative observation because you use your senses such as sight, smell, touch, taste or hear to observe the results (in quantitative observations you use instruments for measurement).
Null hypothesis: The taste of the milk is the same when it is left on the counter (warm) and when it is left in the refrigerator (cold) or simply saying the place where we put milk doesn’t affect the milk taste
Hypothesis: The milk left on the counter is sour due to acidification of milk via bacteria that works on warmer place.
Independent variable (changed by a scientist in order to affect the dependent one) is a place where we put milk (temperature).
Dependent variable is milk (milk taste).
