Answer:
<u>Methamphetamine</u> is a stimulant that provides an intense high and causes a reduction in the brain's baseline dopamine levels.
Explanation:
Methamphetamine is a drug of abuse, belonging to the amphetamine family, this psychostimulant compound, produces effects such as euphoria and increased energy and concentration. In the long term, when it's consumed chronically, it has other effects, especially at the level of the CNS, such as the decrease in the volume of the hippocampus, producing memory losses associated with the hippocampus and decreased neurogenesis in adults. Dopamine (DA), by acting as a neurotransmitter, it is able to increase neurogenesis in certain areas and decrease it in others. Given the acute intake of methamphetamine, there is an increase in the concentrations of dopamine and serotonin (5-HT), because methamphetamine acts as a substrate for the transporters of dopamine transporter (DAT) and serotonin transporter, therefore reducing the transport of both neurotransmitters.
When there is a chronic methamphetamine consumption, there is a decrease in the concentrations of basal levels of dopamine in the striatum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, which is maintained in the long term. It also not only decreases cell proliferation, but also decreases neuronal differentiation and maturation of progenitor cells.
The two types of cell transportation are as follows: active transportation, where energy is used, and passive transportation, where no energy is used
Answer:
1. Effects of Acid Rain on Fish and Wildlife
The ecological effects of acid rain are most clearly seen in aquatic environments, such as streams, lakes, and marshes where it can be harmful to fish and other wildlife. As it flows through the soil, acidic rain water can leach aluminum from soil clay particles and then flow into streams and lakes.
2. Effects of Acid Rain on Plants and Trees
Dead or dying trees are a common sight in areas affected by acid rain. Acid rain leaches aluminum from the soil. That aluminum may be harmful to plants as well as animals. Acid rain also removes minerals and nutrients from the soil that trees need to grow.
3. Buffering Capacity
Many forests, streams, and lakes that experience acid rain don’t suffer effects because the soil in those areas can buffer the acid rain by neutralizing the acidity in the rainwater flowing through it. The soil becomes thin because of this and lacks the ability to adequately neutralize the acid in the rain water. As a result, these areas are particularly vulnerable and the acid and aluminum can accumulate in the soil, streams, or lakes.
4. Episodic Acidification
Melting snow and heavy rain downpours can result in what is known as episodic acidification. This can result in short-term stress on the ecosystem where a variety of organisms or species may be injured or killed.
5. Nitrogen Pollution
It’s not just the acidity of acid rain that can cause problems. Acid rain also contains nitrogen, and this can have an impact on some ecosystems. For example, nitrogen pollution in our coastal waters is partially responsible for declining fish and shellfish populations in some areas. In addition to agriculture and wastewater, much of the nitrogen produced by human activity that reaches coastal waters comes from the atmosphere.
Explanation:
Not sure if this is what the question was asking for.
Watson and Crick first discovered the structure of the DNA molecule. The structure was described as having a double helical structure. The structure is composed of molecules or bases called nucleotides. The structure was found to have 4 basic nucleotides or base pairs. They are namely adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine.