Sympathetic stimulation results in what effects in the kidney?

1 answer:

3 0

Renal vascular resistance, renin release, and tubular salt reabsorption are all increased when sympathetic nerves to the kidney are active.

<h3>Sympathetic stimulation :</h3>

The sympathetic nervous system alters the cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance, and renal function, all of which play significant roles in controlling arterial pressure under various circumstances. The system has a role in the pathogenesis of chronic arterial hypertension and is capable of significant acute pressor effects. Because of its limitless capacity to restore altered arterial pressure to its original level by increasing or decreasing water and electrolyte excretion in response to elevated or decreased systemic arterial pressure, the renal volume/pressure control system is regarded as dominating physiological long-term arterial pressure regulation.

Renal vascular resistance, renin release, and tubular salt reabsorption are all increased when sympathetic nerves to the kidney are active. By reversing the pressure-natriuresis curve, these acts contribute to long-term increases in arterial pressure. Renal sensory receptors provide signals that are transmitted by renal afferent neurons to the efferent sympathetic nervous system, which has an impact on the control of arterial pressure. The current paper's goal is to examine recent research that shows how the sympathetic nervous system and the kidneys interact in the pathophysiology of both experimental and real-world arterial hypertension.

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In certain mice, long tails (T) are dominant over short tails (t). If 2 hybrid mice mate, what will the outcome be?

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Answer:

3 long tails : 1 short tail

Explanation:

This question involves a single gene coding for tail length in mice. The allele for long tail (T) is dominant over the allele for short tail (t). This means that an heterozygous mice will possess the long tail length.

According to this question, in a cross between two hybrid or heterozygote mice i.e. Tt × Tt, the following gametes will be produced by each parent:

Tt - T and t

Using these gametes in a punnet square (see attached image), the following will be produced: TT, Tt, Tt and tt.

Offsprings with genotype TT, Tt and Tt will have a LONG TAIL while genotype tt will have a SHORT TAIL. Hence, the phenotypic ratio will be 3 long tails : 1 short tail.