Question

Older children realize that people's __________ and __________ affect the moral implications of violating a social convention.

Answer 1

Older children realize that people's intentions and the context of their action affect the moral implications of violating a social convention.

We can understand that children’s cognitive development follows specific patterns. The children learn their moral values through active thinking and reasoning, and that moral development follows a series of stages.

Firstly, moral reasoning is based on concepts of punishment. The child believes that if their is consequence for an action is punishment, then the action was wrong. In the second stage, the child bases his or her thinking on self-interest and reward. This is called as "Pre-conventional morality" which focuses on self-interest. Punishment is avoided and rewards are sought. Adults can also fall into these stages, particularly when they are under pressure.

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