Answer:
Superantigens produce intense immune responses by stimulating lymphocytes to produce cytokines.
Explanation:
Superantigens are a group of bifunctional proteins that interact with at least two receptors expressed on different cells. The superantigen´s receptors in lymphocyte T is located in the same place where the lymphocyte interacts with a conventional antigen, RCT. The capability of these superantigens to join their receptors in many T cells, shoots a series of processes that conduce to cellular activation, differentiation, proliferation, and great production and release of cytokine.
Superantigens constitute the most potent natural immunostimulators known.
Answer:
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
this is the layers from space into earth
Answer:
D) lowering the energy for activation.
Explanation:
Just like chemical catalysts that accelerate the rate of chemical reactions, enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate the rate of biochemical reactions.
Majorly, a catalyst works by lowering the activation energy required for a specific reaction. The lower the activation energy for a reaction, the faster the rate of that particular reaction.
Hence, an enzyme accelerates the rate of reaction by lowering activation energy of the reaction.
