Answer:
<em>Chargaff: </em>The work of Erwin Chargaff has major contributions towards understanding of DNA structure as a double helix. Although, he didn't propose the DNA as a double helix, but he was the first scientist two establish two rules that lead to the discovery of DNA as a double helix. Briefly, he proposed that (1) in any DNA, the amount of Guanine are always equal to the amount of Cytosine and likewise, the amount of Adenine are always equal to the amount of Thymine; and (2) the amount of guanine, cytosine, adenine and thymine bases are different in each species. This observation supported the idea later that DNA is the heriditary material rather than proteins.
<em>Franklin</em><em>:</em> Rosalind E. Franklin is known for her work on understanding the molecular structure of DNA via X-Ray diffraction. For that, she exposed crystallized DNA moleculeto X-rays and some of the rays were deflected back thus forming a diffraction pattern. She was the first scientist that produces real images of DNA explaining its molecular structure. As an example, I have attached the Photo 51 she took while working at King's College London. Her work led to the actual discovery of DNA as a double helix (Watson and Crick Model) which we know today.
<em>Watson and Crick</em>: James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the 3D structure and model of the DNA helix which we know as of today. Precisely, their work explained that DNA is a double-stranded, antiparallel, right-handed helix. Further, the nitrogenous basis proposed earlier (A, T, G, C) are attached to sugar-phosphate backbone via hydrogen bonds. It is one of the major discoveries in molecular biology.
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DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. The first step in DNA replication is to ‘unzip’ the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. DNA replication is self-complementary, and it does not need a third party. The two strands of a DNA act as parents and work as a template to synthesize the two daughters of DNA. According to an estimate, there are nearly 3 billion DNA bases in our genome, and during DNA replication they all replicate. Mutation can cause changes in DNA bases only, but it can be one or even more than one basis.<span>
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A) ability to learn or acquire the new traits
Explanation:
It's the process that species go through in order to become accustomed to an environment.
Stress is typically associated with elevated levels of epinephrine and cortisol; some physiologists now define stress as any situation that raises cortisol levels.
<h3>What are glucocorticoids?</h3>
Glucocorticoids are part of the innate immune system's feedback loop, which diminishes certain facets of immune function, such as inflammation.
As a result, in medicine, they are used to treat diseases caused by an overactive immune system, such as allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and sepsis.
Stress is typically associated with elevated epinephrine and cortisol levels; however, some physiologists now describes stress as any situation that raises cortisol levels.
Thus, the answer is cortisol and epinephrine.
For more details regarding glucocorticoids, visit:
brainly.com/question/13639832
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Gulcose has 6 carbon atoms as its chemical formula is C₆H₁₂O₆
meaning that is has 6 carbon and Oxygen atoms with 12 hydrogen atoms.
