Perceptual set is a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. Top down processing top-down processing constructs perceptions from the sensory input by drawing on our experience and expectations. Perceptual set and top-down processing both relates to perception. When you try to perceive something standing by itself, it is harder to correctly perceive it than if you had context cues or schemas. Schemas can organize what we are trying to perceive into a category, making it less broad. For example according to our knowledge a dog, what we are trying to perceive, has four legs, soft fur, and a tail. there are other things that have the same characteristics of this schema, but with this information we now can know at least that it's not something like a truck or a table. Context cues can greatly affect perception in a less physical but emotional way. Context cues can change how we perceive things based upon what we experienced about what we are perceiving. For example, if a soldier in the military used guns to take the lives of the enemy, looking at a gun would give him grief and sorrow over all the lives that were lost. The soldier would negatively perceive the gun as a weapon of disaster. On the other hand, if a hunter used guns for his enjoyment of hunting. The hunter would perceive the gun as a great tool for catching animals. The gun would be perceived positively for giving him the power to hunt.
Explanation: I would come up with another example if I were you though :)
Perceptual is a mental predisposition that functions as a lens through which we perceive the world and our learned concepts (schemas) prime is to organize and interpret ambiguous stimuli in certain ways.
example of perception: knowing when to try a different technique with a student to increase their learning
example of schemas: in Piaget’s theory of development, children construct a series of schemata, based on the interactions they experience, to help them understand the world
Piaget’s (1936) Theory: cognitive development explains how a child constructs a mental model of the world. He disagreed with the idea that intelligence was a fixed trait, and regarded cognitive development as a process which occurs due to biological maturation and interaction with the environment. He was also a Psychologist. (this is just something in case your teacher asks about piaget’s theory/what it was about)
