Explanation:
Organisms can be homozygous or heterozygous for a gene. An organism can be homozygous dominant, if it carries two copies of the same dominant allele, or homozygous recessive, if it carries two copies of the same recessive allele. Heterozygous means that an organism has two different alleles of a gene.
The second table correctly matches molecules with their components
Cell membranes restrict diffusion of highly charged molecules, such as ions, and large molecules, such as sugars and amino acids.
Answer: A phylogenetic tree constructed using sequence differences in mitochondrial DNA would be most valid for discerning the evolutionary relatedness of traits inherited by cellular organelles.
Explanation: Maternal inheritance or inheritance by cellular organelles are phenotypes controlled by organelle genes. Mitochondria are organelles that contain their own DNA and protein-synthesizing apparatus.
There is a widely held theory concerning the origin which proposes that they were once infectious endosymbiotic prokaryotes that evolved such a dependence on the gene product of the host that they are no longer able to function autonomously.