The explorer has discovered "A shield volcano".
Individuals who are heterozygous for the sickle-cell allele suffer less from the attack of malaria because a small percentage of the red blood cells are sickle-shaped. They are more resistant to malaria than individuals who have two copies of the normal haemoglobin allele. Heterozygous individuals have a better chance of surviving and reproducing in regions where malaria is prevalent since they do not fully contract the disease.
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The flow of individuals in and out of a population introduces new alleles and increases genetic variation within that population. Mutations are changes to an organism's DNA that create diversity within a population by introducing new alleles.
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