Plato was probably talking about a Democratic government which is composed of several leaders that are in-charge of particular cities and communities in a country. During his time, Plato is a known philosopher who spent his time discussing with people in plazas and squares arguing about almost anything under the sun.
The war took place in the United States and in Canada.
J.P.Morgan spent his money in a variety of ways, ranging from business re-investment, to personal investment, to donating to a wide range of charities.