As parent's genotypes are missing here, alleles cannot be estimated in offspring, but it is possible to use the example above to estimate it.
<h3>What is a Punnett square?</h3>
A Punnett square is a diagram used in genetics to estimate genotypic and phenotypic frequencies in offspring from a given genetic cross.
In order to estimate offspring allele frequencies, we need to know parental genotypes by means of a Punnett square.
For example, if both parents are heterozygous for a gene whose alleles are called 'A' and 'a', the Punnett square in offspring is:
A a
A AA Aa
a Aa aa
In this case, 50% of offspring will be heterozygous (genotype 1/2 Aa), whereas 25% will be homo-zygous dominant (1/4 AA) and 25% will be homo-zygous recessive (1/4 aa).
In conclusion, as parent's genotypes are missing here, thereby alleles cannot be estimated in offspring, but you can use the example above to estimate it.
Learn more about the Punnett square here:
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When doing orienteering at night with a map have to use only red lights on headlamps or you would have to wait 2-3 minutes for your eyes to re-adapt.
Answer:
Water erosion refers to the removal of the top most or surface layer of soil by the flow of water. The long term effect of water erosion can be because of drastic rain fall and may be because of flood. These two reasons can adversely effect the human life. The water erosion is responsible for the removal of fertile layer of soil, therefore, the region will not be appropriate to grow vegetation. The long term effect may result in stagnation of water, therefore, long time is required so that the region gets dried. The long term accumulation of water over an agricultural field can spoil the crop production.
Prevention that can be taken to reduce long term effect of water erosion:
1. Plantation of long root bearing trees over flood prone regions and around the agricultural field: This will allow the trees to tightly hold up soil and prevent it's erosion.
2. Add rocks over the soil: In an agricultural field or flood prone area, the rocks will act as barrier for the movement of run off water, hence, will prevent water erosion. It will increase the absorption of water by soil.
3. Building of walls: This will also act as a barrier in a flood prone region and will prevent the water being added up to the agricultural land.
4.Remove soil compaction: If the soil compaction of the effected region is removed, the water retention property of the soil can be improved. Machines, animals and humans can be used for this purpose to remove the compaction of upper layer of soil.
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Answer:
n unicellular organisms, oxygen diffuses across the cell membrane into the cell. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cell once the concentration of carbon dioxide is higher inside the cell than it is outside of the cell. Some micro-organisms, including some bacteria and fungi, can survive without oxygen.
Explanation: