Ground water recharge includes recharge as a natural part of the hydrologic cycle and human-induced recharge, either directly through spreading basins or injection wells, or as a consequence of human activities such as irrigation and waste disposal. Artificial recharge with excess surface water or reclaimed wastewater is increasing in many areas, thus becoming a more important component of the hydrologic cycle
Answer:
4. c. Deletion/ frameshift mutation
5. a. Tyr Tyr Asp Ser Gly
6. A frameshift occurred which altered the identity of the amino acids following the initiator 6. methionine, but not the length of protein Q.
Explanation:
4)
A single base pair at the first position of the Arg codon i.e. CGA has been deleted. Due to the deletion, the reading frame has shifted one nucleotide backwards, altering the amino acid sequence of the protein.
5)
The genomic DNA sequence is 5'-ATG ATA CTA AGG CCC-3'. Therefore, the complementary mRNA will be 5'-UAC UAU GAU UCC GGG-3'. According to the genetic code, this mRNA sequence encodes the following amino acid sequence: Tyr Tyr Asp Ser Gly
6)
The wild type DNA sequence is:
5'-ACUGUAAUGGAGUCAGAUGAUGCAUUAAGGAGAAAUUGAAAUAAA-3'
The mutant i.e. mRNA with the added G will be
5'
ACUGUAAUGGGAGUCAGAUGAUGCAUUAAGGAGAAAUUGAAAUAAA-3'
This is a single base pair insertion and frameshift mutation that shifts the reading frame one base pair forwards. The codon that was originally GAG coding for glutamic acid (Glu) gets converted to GGA that codes for glycine. Therefore, the amino acid sequence has been altered but the polypeptide chain will still have 13 amino acids.
The period during which the presence of stromatolites decline is the Proterzoic period. Stromatolites are widely distributed sedimentary structures consisting of laminated carbonate or silicate rocks, produced over geologic time by the trapping, binding, or the precipitating of sediment by groups of microorganisms, primarily cyanobacteria.
So Global warming is the rise in global temperatures due mainly to the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Climate change is the increasing changes in the measures of climate over a long period of time.
This includes : precipitation, temperature, and wind patterns.
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