Among the natural disasters or natural dangers that a farmer of the Middle East could face, the most common are:
Drought: One of the main problems in the Middle East is droughtiness. Water scarcity have always been a problem in this region and being a farmer in the middle of this situation could result in big problems when you grow your crops. A way to prevent this natural danger, would be by having enough water storage near the farm or crops and a better water management. It is highly important to check Drought monitors or Drought impacts to study where the farm could be less affected by this rough season.
Flooding: opposite to droughtiness, we could have the other face of the coin, that is tons of water that could negatively hit the crops. The pro during this season is that water can be storage in great amounts for the previous season, however, during this situation would be useful to count with channels that could spread the water and to invest in infrastructure that could save the crops from getting tons of water into them. And once again, check the recent studies of the previous weather reports.
A peasant is considered to be a farmer and would give free service to the lord and his land. This is in exchange for their rent on the land owned by the lord and for the food provided by the crops grown in the lord's land. They would work for three times in a week or longer, if it is harvest time. A peasant was not permitted to change their abode or move to another place. They needed to become a freeman first. In order to become a freeman, he needed to pay his debt to the lord or buy a piece of his land. The status of being a peasant or serf will be passed onto the descendants.