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3 years ago

What does a concentration gradient do to etc?

1 answer:

5 0

Concentration of a chemical in a solution refers to how many of the chemical's molecules are sitting in a small volume of the solution. Concentration could be measured in molecules per liter, although molecules are so small compared to a liter that we usually use different units (just like we wouldn't want to measure the distance between the earth and the sun in inches). A gradient is a measurement of how much something changes as you move from one region to another. So a concentration gradient is a measurement of how the concentration of something changes from one place to another.

If this doesn't help here's a Khan Academy video https://www.khanacademy.org/...and.../concentration-gradients

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Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: C(s)+H2O(g)⇌CO(g)+H2(g) Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift righ

vazorg [7]

'Answer:

a) C is added to the reaction mixture. "shift right"

b) H₂O is condensed and removed from the reaction mixture. "shift left"

c) CO is added to the reaction mixture. "shift left"

d) H₂ is removed from the reaction mixture. "shift right"

Explanation:

Le Châtelier's principle states that when there is an dynamic equilibrium, and this equilibrium is disturbed by an external factor, the equilibrium will be shifted in the direction that can cancel the effect of the external factor to reattain the equilibrium.

a) C is added to the reaction mixture:

Adding C(s) will increase the concentration of the reactants side, so the reaction will be shifted to the right side to suppress the increase in the concentration of C by addition.

So, the reaction shift right.

b) H₂O is condensed and removed from the reaction mixture:

Removing H₂O will decrease the concentration of the reactants side, so the reaction will be shifted to the left side to suppress the decrease in the concentration of H₂O by removal.

So, the reaction shift left.

c) CO is added to the reaction mixture:

Adding CO will increase the concentration of the products side, so the reaction will be shifted to the left side to suppress the increase in the concentration of CO by addition.

So, the reaction shift left.

d) H₂ is removed from the reaction mixture:

Removing H₂ will decrease the concentration of the products side, so the reaction will be shifted to the right side to suppress the increase in the concentration of H₂ by removal.

So, the reaction shift right.

8 0

3 years ago

Phosphoric acid is a triprotic acid ( K a1 = 6.9 × 10 − 3 Ka1=6.9×10−3, K a2 = 6.2 × 10 − 8 Ka2=6.2×10−8, and K a3 = 4.8 × 10 −

irina1246 [14]

Answer: To calculate the pH of the buffer composed of $H_2PO_4^-\text{ and }HPO_4^{-2}$ , we use the $K_a2$

Explanation:

Phosphoric acid is a triprotic acid and it will undergo three dissociation reaction each having their respective dissociation constants.

The chemical equation for the first dissociation reaction follows:

$H_3PO_4\rightleftharpoons H_2PO_4^-+H^+;K_a1=6.9\times 10^{-3}$

The chemical equation for the second dissociation reaction follows:

$H_2PO_4^-\rightleftharpoons HPO_4^{2-}+H^+;K_a2=6.2\times 10^{-8}$

The chemical equation for the third dissociation reaction follows:

$HPO_4^{2-}\rightleftharpoons PO_4^{3-}+H^+;K_a3=4.8\times 10^{-13}$

To form a buffer composed of $H_2PO_4^-\text{ and }HPO_4^{-2}$ , we use the $K_a$ of second dissociation process

To calculate the $pK_a$ , we use the equation:

$pK_a=-\log (K_a)\\\\pK_a=-\log(6.2\times 10^{-8})\\\\pK_a=7.21$

To calculate the pH of buffer, we use the equation given by Henderson Hasselbalch:

$pH=pK_a2+\log(\frac{[\text{conjugate base}]}{[\text{weak acid}]})$

$pH=pK_a2+\log(\frac{[HPO_4^{2-}]}{[H_2PO_4^-]})$

We are given:

$pK_a2$ = negative logarithm of second acid dissociation constant of phosphoric acid = 7.21

$[HPO_4^{2-}]$ = concentration of conjugate base

$[H_2PO_4^{-}]$ = concentration of weak acid

Hence, to calculate the pH of the buffer composed of $H_2PO_4^-\text{ and }HPO_4^{-2}$ , we use the $K_a2$

3 0

4 years ago

Think about the different rules that describe how gases behave. To do this, refer to what you have learned about the two princip

VMariaS [17]

Answer:

Described down below.

Explanation:

Hello,

- Boyle's law: correlation between pressure and volume (assuming temperature and amount of gas remain constant). One common use of Boyle’s law is to predict the new volume of a gas when the pressure is changed (at constant temperature), or vice versa

- Charles' law: correlation between temperature and volume (assuming pressure and amount of gas remain constant). It is used to prove that the absolute 0 unattainable (T=0K).

- Avogadro's law: correlation between amount of gas and volume (assuming temperature and pressure p remain constant). As an example, since we can blow up a basketball, we are adding more gas molecules into it. The more gaseous molecules, the greater the volume.

- Dalton's law: correlation that states that for a mixture of gases in a container, the total pressure exerted is the addition among each pressure that each gas would exert if it were alone. It is useful to analyze the effects of which partial pressure might have on scuba divers. While the total gas pressure increases as a diver increases their descent, the partial pressure of each gas involved increases as well which might cause harm to the diver’s body if proper actions are not carried out.

- Gay-Lussac's law: it states that when the temperature of a sample of gas in a rigid container is increased, the pressure of the gas increases as well. An interesting example is shown when gun pin strikes, because it ignites the gun powder and this increases the temperature which in turn increases the pressure and bullet is fired from the gun.

Best regards.

4 0

4 years ago

During a routine check of the fluoride content of Gotham City\'s water supply, the following results were obtained from replicat

Aleksandr-060686 [28]

Answer:

The mean is $x=0.503\frac{mg}{L}$