The mother country benefited under a mercantile system. A mercantile system is based on the benefit of the mother country's trade interests and manufacturers.
No. There will always be inequality in the United States and quite frankly I don’t think any country can be truly equal.
The act that gave freedmen the same rights as other American citizens with the exceptions of the right to vote is :
Civil rights act of 1866
Hope this helps
(1) Claimed that individual states have the right to interpret federal laws.