U.S. banks stopped investments in Europe and demanded repayment of foreign loans
I think it was the Age of Discovery. After the Crusades and the fall of Feudalism,
the growth of towns and commerce attracted interest in other lands that began
during the Crusades when they were exposed the silks and spices being traded
there. This prompted European powers to
embark on journeys to establish trade routes as well as find new lands to
colonize.
this may have different names depending on what nation or country your talking about but in the US it's conscription
D. Ratification of the Constitution
These were the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists.