Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP. The stages of cellular respiration include glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
During cellular respiration, a glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and water. Along the way, some ATP is produced directly in the reactions that transform glucose. Much more ATP, however, is produced later in a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is powered by the movement of electrons through the electron transport chain, a series of proteins embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
These electrons come originally from glucose and are shuttled to the electron transport chain when they gain electrons.
As electrons move down the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water. Glycolysis can take place without oxygen in a process called fermentation. The other three stages of cellular respiration—pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation—require oxygen in order to occur. Only oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen directly, but the other two stages can't run without oxidative phosphorylation.). As electrons move down the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water.
Glycolysis can take place without oxygen in a process called fermentation. The other three stages of cellular respiration—pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation—require oxygen in order to occur. Only oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen directly, but the other two stages can't run without oxidative phosphorylation.
Answer:Luteinizing Hormone
Explanation:Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is a gonadotropin synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to GnRH. Like FSH, LH is involved in reproductive processes in both males and females. When follicle maturation is complete, an LH surge triggers ovulation.
Answer:
I think it's A male: stamen; female: pistil
Answer:
you....your not asking anything?
Complete question: A phylogenetic tree shows that birds and crocodiles share many features. A hypothesis based on this tree predicts that these features are present in a common ancestor. Which of these predicted traits is supported by fossil evidence?
A) four-chambered heart
B) singing for territory
C) eggs and nests
D) singing to attract mates
Answer: (c) eggs and nests
Explanation:
A hypothesis based on phylogenetic tree shows that birds and crocodiles have ancestral connection. Fossil evidence shows that their common ancestor exhibit oviparity as a means of reproduction (i.e. laying of eggs and embryo develops within the egg), and also housed their eggs in the nest for protection against predators and other important reasons.
