Question

Which of the constituents found in eukaryotic cells are correctly ranked from largest to smallest?

Answer 1

Answer: a. Cell nucleus, g. Mitochondrion, f. Ribosome, e. Protein, d. Amino acid, c. Water molecules, b. Proton

Explanation:

a. Cell nucleus: It is a membranous organelle found only inside eukaryotic cells, which contains most of the genetic material of the cell, organized into DNA macromolecules called chromosomes, inside which are the genes. DNA contains the necessary pattern for all cell operations. It size is usually between 5-25 µm

g. Mitochondrion: It is a cellular organelle found in eukaryotic cells, and provides the energy needed to carry out cellular activity. That is, the mitochondria is responsible for breaking down nutrients and synthesizing adenosine triphosphate or ATP, which is essential for obtaining cellular energy. The mitochondria is characterized by its large size, compared to other cellular organelles, and its globular shape. Its size ranges from 0.5 to 1 μm in diameter and up to 8 μm in length.

f. Ribosome: It is a cell particle made of RNA and protein that serves as the site for protein synthesis in the cell. The ribosome reads the sequence of messenger RNA (mRNA) and, using the genetic code, translates the sequence of RNA bases into an amino acid sequence. The size of the ribosomes is tiny, so they can only be seen through a microscope. This size will depend on the cell in which it is found. In eukaryotic cells it will have a diameter of 320 A (ångström), or 0.032 µm.

e. Protein: It is a macromolecule formed by linear chains of amino acids. This sequence is determined by the sequence of nucleotides of their corresponding gene (called structural genes). Proteins are generally made up of between 100 and 300 amino acids, although some may have more than a thousand amino acids. On average, its size is around 6.8 nm or 0.0068 µm.

d. Amino acid: It is an organic molecule with an amino group (-NH2) at one end of the molecule and a carboxyl group (-COOH) at the other end. They are the basis of proteins, however both these and their derivatives participate in cellular functions as diverse as nerve transmission. Two amino acids combine in a condensation reaction between the amino group of one and the carboxyl of the other, releasing a water molecule (dehydration) and forming an amide bond called a peptide bond. This reaction takes place naturally inside the cells, in the ribosomes. In the genetic code, the twenty different amino acids, also called residues, are coded, which constitute the links that make up peptides. On average, their size is around 0.4-1 nm.

c. Water molecule: (H2O) is an inorganic chemical compound formed by two atoms of hydrogen (H) and one of oxygen (O). This molecule is essential in the life of living beings, serving as a medium for the metabolism of biomolecules, and it is found in nature in its three states. Its size is around. 0.27 nm.

b. Proton: A proton is a positively charged particle found inside the atomic nucleus, where neutrons are also found. It is very difficult to measure the size of the proton, because it is made up of three particles (the quarks) that move very quickly.