West Africa's smaller societies such as Benin and Hausa, grew in ways such as trade and farming, building off of previous achievements. Africa's larger kingdoms improved in the factors of education, with the introduction of new Muslim teachings, as seen in maliand shonghai kingdoms.
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Something that motivated Europeans for distant places is the search for money and other materials such as spices, silk , and more
Force work the problems faced by Germany when it was unified in 1990