Your answer is going to be A.
<span>d.saddened about human indifference</span>
It makes you feel and think a certain way about something. If optimism is a mental attitude, than it benefits the world by if you give a bad attitude towards polluting the earth other people can realize that and actually fight to stop that cause as one.
<span>an article in a literary journal
a research paper by an expert</span>
It depends on what you see. This question is more of asking you for your view. For example, i will give you one of my concerns of this world: hatred. reasons, many. War is another. You can use these two if you want but try at least brainstorm on what you see for the 3rd problem
hope this help ^^