Organisms that use energy from the sun to make their own food are called

assume that life on Mars requires cell potential to be 100mV, and the extracellular concentrations of the three major species ar

svetlana [45]

Answer:

Explanation:

From the information given:

The cell potential on mars E = + 100 mV

By using Goldman's equation:

$E_m = \dfrac{RT}{zF}In \Big (\dfrac{P_K[K^+]_{out}+P_{Na}[Na^+]_{out}+P_{Cl}[Cl^-]_{out} }{P_K[K^+]_{in}+P_{Na}[Na^+]_{in}+ P_{Cl}[Cl^-]_{in}} \Big )$

Let's take a look at the impermeable cell with respect to two species;

and the two species be Na⁺ and Cl⁻

$E_m = \dfrac{RT}{zF} In \dfrac{[K^+]_{out}}{[K^+]_{in}}$

where;

z = ionic charge on the species = + 1

F = faraday constant

∴

$100 \times 10^{-3} = \Big (\dfrac{8.314 \times 298}{1\times 96485} \Big) \mathtt{In} \Big ( \dfrac{4}{[K^+]_{in}} \Big)$

$100 \times 10^{-3} = 0.0257 \Big ( \dfrac{4}{[K^+]_{in}} \Big)$

$3.981= \mathtt{In} \Big ( \dfrac{4}{[K^+]_{in}} \Big)$

$exp ( 3.981) = \dfrac{4}{[K^+]_{in}} \\ \\ 53.57 = \dfrac{4}{[K^+]_{in}}$

$[K^+]_{in} = \dfrac{4}{53.57}$

$[K^+]_{in} = 0.0476$

For [Cl⁻]:

$100 \times 10^{-3} = -0.0257 \ \mathtt{In} \Big ( \dfrac{120}{[Cl^-]_{in}} \Big)$

$-3.981 = \ \mathtt{In} \Big ( \dfrac{120}{[Cl^-]_{in}} \Big)$

$0.01867 = \dfrac{120}{[Cl^-]_{in}}$

$[Cl^-]_{in} = \dfrac{120}{0.01867}$

$[Cl^-]_{in} =6427.4$

For [Na⁺]:

$100 \times 10^{-3} = 0.0257 \Big ( \dfrac{145}{[Na^+]_{in}} \Big)$

$53.57= \Big ( \dfrac{145}{[Na^+]_{in}} \Big)$

$[Na^+]_{in}= 2.70$

6 0

2 years ago

4. A polypeptide has the following amino acid sequence: Met-Ser-Pro-Arg-Leu-Glu-Gly In the mutant below, indicate the type of mu

MatroZZZ [7]

Answer:

4. c. Deletion/ frameshift mutation

5. a. Tyr Tyr Asp Ser Gly

6. A frameshift occurred which altered the identity of the amino acids following the initiator 6. methionine, but not the length of protein Q.

Explanation:

4)

A single base pair at the first position of the Arg codon i.e. CGA has been deleted. Due to the deletion, the reading frame has shifted one nucleotide backwards, altering the amino acid sequence of the protein.

5)

The genomic DNA sequence is 5'-ATG ATA CTA AGG CCC-3'. Therefore, the complementary mRNA will be 5'-UAC UAU GAU UCC GGG-3'. According to the genetic code, this mRNA sequence encodes the following amino acid sequence: Tyr Tyr Asp Ser Gly

6)

The wild type DNA sequence is:

5'-ACUGUAAUGGAGUCAGAUGAUGCAUUAAGGAGAAAUUGAAAUAAA-3'

The mutant i.e. mRNA with the added G will be

5' ACUGUAAUGGGAGUCAGAUGAUGCAUUAAGGAGAAAUUGAAAUAAA-3'

This is a single base pair insertion and frameshift mutation that shifts the reading frame one base pair forwards. The codon that was originally GAG coding for glutamic acid (Glu) gets converted to GGA that codes for glycine. Therefore, the amino acid sequence has been altered but the polypeptide chain will still have 13 amino acids.

6 0

3 years ago

Explain why ruminants, cecal fermenters, and monogastrics have such different abilities for digesting forages.

Burka [1]

Answer:

Ruminants, cecal fermenters, and monogastrics have different abilities for digesting forages because of their digestive physiology and their diet. ... The cecal fermenters have larger intestine and ceca than monogastrics that allow them to have a large fermentation capacity as well as ruminants.

Explanation:

i hope this help

8 0

3 years ago

The two main divisions of the trade industry are?

Rina8888 [55]

Answer:

The correct answer is Wholesalers and Retailers

Explanation:

By and large, the retailing and wholesaling businesses (regularly alluded to as the distributive trades sector) speak to the transitional strides in the dispersion of stock or goods among manufacturers and consumers of merchandise.

Wholesale and retail exchange services are critical to the proficient and viable progression of merchandise from manufacturers to consumers.

Together the wholesaling and retailing enterprises represent critical bits of monetary yield and worldwide business.

4 0

3 years ago

When a molecule moves through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion, what must it move through?

aalyn [17]

It must go through the plasma membrane

3 0

2 years ago