Answer:
1. C. It caused economic hardship in the empire.
2. C. Magellan sailed east around Africa to reach the Pacific Ocean.
3. B. Europe
4. astrolabe.
Explanation:
1. Trade between Europe and other regions of the world, especially America, was often conducted through ocean routes. This was particularly true in the case of the Iberian peninsula. However, the long journeys and lack of overview allowed many people to conduct illegal businesses, such as smuggling, which greatly damaged the European nations.
2. Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer who organized the expedition that resulted in the first circumnavigation of the Earth. His voyage took him from Europe east, around Africa and to the Pacific Ocean.
3. During this time period, Europe led the world in agriculture and manufacturing. This was because of Europe's wealth, technological developments, large population and natural resources that were available to them due to colonialism.
4. The astrolabe is a device that measures inclination. It was used in the past by astronomers and navigators to measure the altitude above the horizon of a celestial body. In this way, they were able to identify stars and planets and determine the latitude based on their positions.
