antagonism
When two hormones cancel each other out or have opposite effects it is called antagonism.
<h3>What is an example of antagonism?</h3>
- Traditional examples of antagonistic hormones include insulin and glucagon.
- In contrast to glucagon, which stimulates glycogenolysis, or the conversion of glycogen to glucose, insulin stimulates glycogenesis, or the conversion of glucose to glycogen.
<h3>What does the term "antagonistic hormones" mean?</h3>
- Antagonistic hormones are those that work to bring body circumstances back from extremes to within acceptable bounds.
- An illustration of how the endocrine system maintains homeostasis through the action of antagonistic hormones is the regulation of blood glucose concentration (by negative feedback).
<h3>How do antagonists to hormones function?</h3>
- Infertility, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids are just a few of the diseases that gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists are used to treat in women.
- GnRH is a hormone released by the hypothalamus that is the target of GnRH antagonists, which stop it from functioning.
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Adaptation is the tendency of some members of a population to be better able to survive and reproduce and pass on their characteristics.
Inner membrane of mitochondrion
Is a fallacy that consists of a false appeal to the authority of "everyone"; based on the assumption that a course of action should be taken or an idea should be supported because "everyone" is doing it or believes it.
Answer:
A. NADH and FADH2 both donate electrons at the same location.
Explanation:
In the respiratory chain, four large protein complexes inserted into the mitochondrial inner membrane transport NADH and FADH₂ electrons (formed in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle) to oxygen gas, reducing them to NAD⁺ and FAD, respectively.
These electrons have great affinity for oxygen gas and, when combined with it, reduce it to water molecules at the end of the reaction.
Oxygen gas effectively participates in cellular respiration at this stage, so its absence would imply interruption of the process.
NADH and FADH₂ electrons, when attracted to oxygen, travel a path through protein complexes, releasing energy in this process.
The energy released by the NADH and FADH₂ electrons in the respiratory chain in theory yields <u>34</u> <u>ATP</u>, however, under normal conditions an average of 26 ATP molecules is formed.
If we consider that these 26 molecules are added to the two ATP formed in glycolysis and two ATP formed in the Krebs cycle, it can be said that cellular respiration reaches a maximum yield of 30 ATP per glucose molecule, although theoretically this number was 38 ATP per glucose molecule.
