I think it is D
Hope my answer help?
Preparation for war through raising troop levels and upping weapon production is an example of <u>militarism</u>.
The statement isn't talking about the causes of raising troop levels and weapon production; if it were, then Nationalism and Imperialism could complete it correctly.
Conscription is but a way to increase troop levels. It is not what the question is looking for.
The question is not looking for causes or for ways a troop can be increased; it wants you to identify what it means to increase troops and to up weapon production. This kind of action strengthens the military and serves to intimidate enemies. That's militarism.
In the 1850s, new types of machinery being produced increasingly needed oil for lubrication. And the main sources for oil at the time, whaling and collecting oil from seeps, simply couldn't meet the demand. Someone had to find a way to reach into the ground and extract the oil.
How did European nations protect themselves against raids by Barbary pirates? European governments stopped such raids by paying the Barbary States tributes. Why did Britain and France attack American merchant ships? Both sides wanted to keep U.S. shippers from supplying their enemy.