Answer:
a. The company must have had net income equal to zero in 2009.
Explanation:
If on its 2008 balance sheet, Sherman Books showed a balance of retained earnings equal to $510 million, and on its 2009 balance sheet, the balance of retained earnings was also equal to $510 million; then what is true is that the company must have had net income equal to zero in 2009.
Retained earnings is the profit amount or net income left over and taken back into the business after it has paid out dividends to its shareholders.
However it is unlikely that the company will pay out the entire amount it earns in a particular year but a percentage of earnings.
In the case of Sherman, it is unlikely that the company made a profit of $200 million and paid out every bit as dividends to shareholders but what is most likely is that there was no profit made for retention in 2009
The value of what businesses provide to other businesses is captured in the final products at the end of the production chain. During the production chain the product goes through various steps to reach its end result. Each step in the chain adds more value to the product. Once it reaches the end of the chain the true test is the value it provides to business that ends up using the item. An example of this is a home being built. During each stage of the home building process the home is getting closer to its true test, when the owners move in. From the floor being poured to the walls going up, each step makes the house closer to becoming someones home.
Answer:
a. $880.74
b. 13 years
Explanation:
a. Conversion ratio = Current Value of bond / Conversion price = 1,000 / 93.4 = 10.71
Conversion price of bond = 10.71 × 28.60 = $306.31
Coupon = Par value of bond * Coupon rate = $1,000 * 6.4% = $64
Present value of straight debt is calculated below:
Present Value = $64 × [1-(1+7.4%)^-30 / 7.4%] + [$1,000 / (1+7.4%)^30]
= $64*11.93 + $117.46
= $763.28 + $117.46
= $880.74
.
Therefore, the minimum value of bond is $880.74
b. Conversion ratio = 10.71
Current stock price = $28.6
Suppose number of year the stock will take to reach above $1,140 is t.
Conversion value = Current stock price * Conversion ratio*(1+10.8%)^t
$1,140 = $28.6 * 10.71 * (1.108)^t
(1.108)^t = 3.7218
t = 12.8145 year.
t = 13 years
The variable overhead efficiency variance uses exactly same inputs as direct labor efficiency variance statement regarding the variable overhead variance analysis is true.
<h3>
What is variable overhead?</h3>
The varying production costs a business incurs while operating are referred to as "variable overhead." As industrial output changes, so do variable overhead expenses. Different from variable overhead are the general expenditures associated with administrative tasks and other operations that have predetermined budgetary requirements. Organizations need to understand variable costs clearly in order to prevent overspending, which can reduce profit margins. They will be able to precisely set prices for future products thanks to this. For businesses to succeed and stay in operation, they must invest money in the development and promotion of their goods and services. The term "overhead" refers to all costs related to operating a firm, such as managers, salespeople, and marketers for both the corporate office and the manufacturing plants.
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