B. he
The word 'he' is being modified by the participial phrase.
The word 'laughing' is the participle.
A PARTICIPLE is a verbal that is used as an adjective and most often ends in -ing or -ed. They express an action or a state of being. However, since they function as adjectives, participles modify nouns or pronouns.
A PARTICIPIAL PHRASE <span> is a group of words consisting of a participle and the modifier(s) and/or (pro)noun(s) or noun phrase(s) that function as the direct object(s), indirect object(s), or complement(s) of the action or state expressed in the participle.
</span>
The correct answer are:
a. It reveals Hamlet’s anger with himself.
d. It reveals Hamlet’s hesitation to act.
Basically what it says no cruel or unusual punishment and excessive fines an example would be like being fined 4 million dollars for refusing to pay a ticket and imprisonment for 50 years