<span>Religious beliefs have
highly influenced the political and hierarchical structures in both Ottoman and
Safavid Persia empires. Although both states were of Islamic religion, they
belonged to different branches, Sunni and Shia. These branches differ over the
choice of Muhammad's successor, which subsequently acquired broader political
significance, as well as theological and juridical dimensions. Sunni Muslims
believed that Muhammad didn’t clearly appoint a successor, which is why there
isn’t hereditary succession law in Ottoman Empire. This contrasts with the Shia
Muslims view, which holds that Muhammad appointed his son-in-law and cousin Ali
ibn Abi Talib to succeed him. They believed that the empire should be led by
direct successor of Muhammad’s line. Differences between these two branches
affected the politics, as Shia Muslims weren’t religiously tolerant to other
confessions and considered them for heretics, even the other branches of Islam.
This resulted in the besieged of Bagdad, which was followed by the massacre of
a large part of its Sunni Muslim inhabitants, as it was endeavored to transform
Baghdad into a purely Shiite city. The besiege of Bagdad was the event that led
to the Ottoman-Safavid war (1623–1639).</span>
Answer: (4) They used force to end union activities.
Explanation: Business owners, don't like unions for many reasons. They need a great deal of flexibility in cutting wages, hiring and firing, and adding extra hours of work or trimming back work hours when need be. In fact, wages and salaries are a very big part of their overall costs. And even when business is good, small wage cuts, or holding the line on wages, can lead to higher profits. Business owners are used to being in charge, and they don't want to be hassled by people they have come to think of as mere employees, not as breadwinners for their families or citizens of the same city and country.
Here is the excerpt from A Rumor of War which best illustrates Vietnam's uncomfortable climate:
<span><em>The tedium was occasionally relieved by a large-scale search-and-destroy operation, but the exhilaration of riding the lead helicopter into a landing zone was usually followed by more of the same hot walking, with the mud sucking at our boots and the sun thudding against our helmets while an invisible enemy shot at us from distant tree lines.</em></span>
<span>They thought that constitution grants too much power to the federal government. They wanted to give states more rights to decide about their fate.</span>
Popular sovereignty and federalism are important to the constitution because they both say that the people give the government its authority. This principal was important because they wanted the government to be subject to the law not above it.
We understand <em>popular sovereignty</em> as the concept in which political power rests with the people who can create, alter and abolish government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government.
And <em>federalism</em> stands for the sharing of power between federal and state government.
