Well, sadly, it is effective when it doesn't result in disaster.
Brinksmanship refers to the negotiation practice of letting a situation edge right up to disaster before finding a solution.
It is, however, wildly irresponsible, shortsighted, and often leads to people getting hurt and unnecessary stress.
There were settlement houses run by sympathetic people and churches that helped house and feed the poor. Also, political bosses would help the poor get jobs and such in return for their votes.