How should molecular clocks be used if not all mutations occur at the same rate?

1 answer:

6 0

If not all mutations occur at the same rate, molecular clocks should be used to compare genes that experience mutations at a constant rate across a wide array of organisms. Hope that helped.

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Plasmodial slime mold is an example of a multinucleated cell. It can be referred to as “one huge cytoplasmic mass with many nucl

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The cell contains many nuclei containing DNA, so DNA synthesis and mitosis are taking place, but the cell is not undergoing cytokinesis.

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how you would use the light microscope to view a wet mount of a protest, assuming the microscope is plugged in and that the ligh

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1.Collect a thin slice of your sample and place it on a clean, dry slide 2.Place one drop of water over your sample 3. Place the coverslip at a 45-degree angle with one edge touching the water and let go 4. Your slide is ready to be viewed.

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A male deer (stag) has long and heavy antlers while the female (doe) does not, Explain the purpose of this genetic variation and

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Antlers are generally only found on male deer in other species of deer. Females with higher-than-normal testosterone levels, on the other hand, can grow antlers.

<h3>Why Do Deer Grow Antlers?</h3>

Antlers are grown by male deer to lure female deer for mating. Females will be shown a display as the antlers are developing during mating season, with each male attempting to become the most dominating.

Deer utilize their antlers to protect themselves from predators and other deer. When deer attack each other, their antlers might lock together, forcing the deer to starve to death.

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During cellular respiration, sugars, proteins and lipids are metabolized back into ______.

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Carbon dioxide and water
C6H12O6+O2→CO2+H2O+energy

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The absence of which of these will not affect photosynthesis is - oxygen, Carbon dioxide, water, Chlorophyll, light. Give reason

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Oxygen

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Oxygen is the by product of photolysis during photosynthesis whereby water molecules are split to form protons (H+ ions), electrons and oxygen (by product).

Oxygen is not needed during any of the reactions in photosynthesis and Calvin cycle and will not affect the rate of photosynthesis or possibility of photosynthesis occurring. However, it will affect the process of aerobic respiration instead.

Carbon dioxide is needed in carbon fixation during the Calvin cycle. Without it, 6 carbon sugars cannot be formed.

Water is needed for photolysis to produce protons (maintain the electrochemical gradient) and electrons (to replenish lost electrons)

Chlorophyll are pigments that harvest light energy to excite electrons produced from photolysis of water to be passed down the electron transport chain.

Light is needed as a source of energy to energise the electrons

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