Answer:
Restriction enzymes are DNA-cutting enzymes. Each enzyme recognizes one or a few target sequences and cuts DNA at or near those sequences.
Many restriction enzymes make staggered cuts, producing ends with single-stranded DNA overhangs. However, some produce blunt ends.
DNA ligase is a DNA-joining enzyme. If two pieces of DNA have matching ends, ligase can link them to form a single, unbroken molecule of DNA.
In DNA cloning, restriction enzymes and DNA ligase are used to insert genes and other pieces of DNA into plasmids.
Explanation:
it's difficult to cure because there are so many varying strains that are slightly different
The answer is D, all of the above are producers.
Answer:
Stellate cells are resident lipid-storing cells of the pancreas and liver that transdifferentiate to a myofibroblastic state in the context of tissue injury. Beyond having roles in tissue homeostasis, stellate cells are increasingly implicated in pathological fibrogenic and inflammatory programs that contribute to tissue fibrosis and that constitute a growth-permissive tumor microenvironment. Although the capacity of stellate cells for extracellular matrix production and remodeling has long been appreciated, recent research efforts have demonstrated diverse roles for stellate cells in regulation of epithelial cell fate, immune modulation, and tissue health. Our present understanding of stellate cell biology in health and disease is discussed here, as are emerging means to target these multifaceted cells for therapeutic benefit.
The fluid inside a cell is cytoplasm
