The question is asking for a kind of theory or framework that assumes that increasing a contact within groups will diminish conflict or negative behaviour between the groups.
The answer is: contact hypothesis.
This hypothesis basically states that if people have contact with other people, they won't think about them as "the other" but will have an increased understanding and positive association with them.
This timeline shows the leaders of the Soviet Union and when they ruled starting with Kerensky, the head of the Provisional Government, and ending with Gorbachev in 1991 when the Russian Republic was formed. http://www.rff.com/timeline_soviet.htm
A question what reading are you talking about?
Answer:
The French naval.
Explanation:
The French naval blocked the British escape by sea.
