In the nephron, approximately 20 percent of the blood gets filtered under pressure through the walls of the glomerular capillaries and Bowman's capsule. The filtrate is composed of water, ions (sodium, potassium, chloride), glucose and small proteins (less than 30,000 daltons -- a dalton is a unit of molecular weight). The rate of filtration is approximately 125 ml/min or 45 gallons (180 liters) each day. Considering that you have 7 to 8 liters of blood in your body, this means that your entire blood volume gets filtered approximately 20 to 25 times each day! Also, the amount of any substance that gets filtered is the product of the concentration of that substance in the blood and the rate of filtration. So the higher the concentration, the greater the amount filtered or the greater the filtration rate, the more substance gets filtered.
This filtration process is much like the making of espresso or cappuccino. In a cappuccino machine, water is forced under pressure through a fine sieve containing ground coffee; the filtrate is the brewed coffee. The arrangement of the glomerular capillaries in series with the peritubular capillaries is important to maintain a constant pressure in the glomerular capillaries, and thus a constant rate of filtration, despite momentary fluctuations in blood pressure. Once the filtrate has entered the Bowman's capsule, it flows through the lumen of the nephron into the proximal tubule.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
When two genetically similar species can breed among each other in order to produce a fertile offspring then it is known as members of same species.
The offspring that is produced must be fertile in order to extend the members in the same species.
Two organism can breed because they are genetically similar and the similarity allows the organism produces a fertile offspring.
In the field of histopathology, the tissues to be observed under the microscope are cut in very thin slices. The thin slices make the tissue transparent, and thus, it becomes easier to observe the internal structures and accurately diagnose a disease. The tissues slices cut for the observation are generally not more than 3 micro meters in their thickness.
Hence, the answer is 'to make the tissues transparent and easier to observe'.
