Answer:
Corruption in the Catholic Church encouraged the idea for reform. The sale of indulgences.
Answer: D) The use of the domesticated horse in hunting and warfare.
Explanation:
With horses now domesticated, the Indians could travel so much further than before which led to them being able to hunt animals more effectively in many parts of the land.
The Indians also used the horses in warfare as some of them got so adept at using horses that they developed astonishing qualities which they then used to expand their territories against weaker tribes.
Europe maintained unity after the Roman Empire. 1 through The power of the Papacy and the Christian faith, and 2 Through Feudalism because even though it caused fractures in regions it offered a clear power structure that allowed Strong nations to bring their weaker neighbors under their direct control.