Answer:
All the above
Explanation:
I'm not 100% sure this is accurate. Good Luck!
Answer: DF508 mutation. A Genetic, Hereditary, Autosomal and Recessive Mutation.
Explanation:
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive autosomal lethal disease, it is most common on Caucasoid populations. Its diagnosis is suggested by the clinical features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, persistent pulmonary colonization (particularly with mucoid Pseudomonas strains), meconium ileus, pancreatic insufficiency with or familiarity history of the disease. The FC gene is large, with about 250 Kb of genomic DNA, 27 exons representing about 5% of genomic DNA; encodes a 6.5 kb transcribed mRNA. This mRNA is transcribed into a protein of 1480 amino acid called CFTR (Regulator Transmembrane Conductance Cystic Fibrosis). When a three-base pair deletion, adenosine-thymine-thymine (ATT) identified in the CFTR gene, exon 10, it results in the loss of a single amino acid phenylalanine at position 508 of the protein. This mutation is called DF508; “D” stands for deletion and “F” for phenylalanine amino acid.
Frogs are amphibians, living both on land and in water. Their anatomy is very unique. Their bodies are similar to humans in that they have skin, bones, muscles, and organs. The body of a frog can be divided into a head, a short neck, and a trunk. The head contains the brain, mouth, eyes, ears and nose. The frog's head movement is limited due to the short, almost rigid neck. The trunk of a frog forms walls for a single body cavity known as the coelom. The coelom holds all of the frog's internal organs. Frogs have the same kinds of organs as humans and the same organ systems. For example, frogs have a long, sticky tongue which they use to capture food. They also have teeth, which unfortunately are very weak and rather useless. Humans have tongues and teeth as well (and a mouth of course).
If you closely examine the head of a frog, you will find the following: eye sockets, eyes, mouth, tongue, vomerine teeth, maxillary teeth, gullet teeth, external nostrils, internal nostrils, the glottis opening, eustachian tube openings, the tympanic membranes and the esophagus. The eyes, the mouth and the nostrils are all examples of a frog's external structures. In addition, a frog's external structures also include the webbed feet and the cloaca opening. The tympanic membranes or eardrums are exposed, but a frog does not have external ears. The internal structures of a frog include: the heart, the lungs, the kidneys, the stomach, the liver, the small intestine, the large intestine, the spleen, the pancreas, the gall bladder, the urinary bladder, the cloaca, the ureter, the oviducts, the testes, the ovaries and fat bodies. Again, the frog has organs that are similar to those of humans. For example, a frog has a brain, kidneys, lungs, eyes, a stomach, intestines and a heart. The one major difference between the anatomy of a frog and that of humans is that the is simpler than the anatomy of a man. Frogs don't have ribs or a diaphragm. Humans have both and a diaphragm (thoracic diaphragm) plays an important function in breathing and respiration. Breathing takes oxygen in and carbon dioxide out of the body. Respiration is the process by which our cells are provided with oxygen for metabolism and carbon dioxide, which is produced as a waste gas, is removed.
A frog uses its tongue for grabbing prey. The vomarine and maxillary teeth are used for holding the prey. The internal nostrils are used by the frog for breathing. The tympanic membrane is the eardrum. It is located behind the frog's eyes. The eustachian tubes equalize the pressure in the frog's inner ear. The glottis is a tube, which leads to the lungs, while the esophagus is a tube which leads to the frog's stomach. The stomach helps the frog break down food and the liver also helps with digestion (it makes bile). Bile (also known as gall) is a fluid secreted by hepatocytes from the liver of most vertebrates (humans and frogs are vertebrates). Hepatocytes are cells present in the liver, and they initiate the formation and secretion of bile. In many species, bile is stored in the gall bladder between meals. When eating, the bile is discharged into the duodenum. Bile, therefore helps with digestion. The duodenum, which is the first and shortest part of the small intestine, is responsible for the breakdown of food in the small intestine. Most chemical digestion takes place in the duodenum. The small intestine absorbs nutrients from food. The large intestine absorbs water. It also collects waste. You can also think of the cloaca as storing waste, as this part of the frog collects eggs, sperm, urine and feces. The cloaca (opening) is also where sperm, eggs, urine, and feces exit the frog's body. The spleen stores blood, while the kidneys filter the blood. The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The (urinary) bladder stores urine. The testes make sperm, while the ovaries makes eggs and the eggs travel through the oviducts.
A frog's skin is always moist. It is made up of two layers, an outer epidermis and an inner dermis. In addition to protecting the frog, the skin also helps the frog breathe. A frog will take in oxygen from the water through their skin. The oxygen in the water passes through their skin and goes directly to their blood. Frogs also have a pair of lungs which allows them to breathe when on land. A frog has very few bones. They make up the skeleton of the frog. The skull (head bone) is large and flat. The legs are long for jumping. In addition to being specialized for jumping, the bones in their upper and hind legs are also specialized for leaping. The muscles move the skeleton of the frog. The muscles help the frog jump and swim.
Now that we know the basics of frog anatomy, let's move onto the
Answer:
coevolution
Explanation:
Coevolution refers to the process where two or more species modify each other's evolution via natural selection. Darwin mentioned how insects and flowering plants could coevolve by reciprocal evolutionary modifications. Coevolution has firstly been associated with mutualism between species including, for example, birds and flowering plants. However, coevolution may also involve host-parasite relationships, such as associations involving parasitic organisms and their sexually reproducing hosts. Finally, there are situations where coevolution involves both parasitism and mutualism (i.e., antagonistic coevolution).
