Answer:
A factor of an experiment is a controlled independent variable; a variable whose levels are set by the experimenter. A factor is a general type or category of treatments. Different treatments constitute different levels of a factor
An experiment has several types of variables, including a control variable (sometimes called a controlled variable). ... A control variable is another factor in an experiment; it must be held constant. In the plant growth experiment, this may be factors like water and fertilizer levels.
Explanation:
Answer:
Results
We systematically analyze and compare how different modelling methodologies can be used to describe translation. We define various statistically equivalent codon-based simulation algorithms and analyze the importance of the update rule in determining the steady state, an aspect often neglected. Then a novel probabilistic Boolean network (PBN) model is proposed for modelling translation, which enjoys an exact numerical solution. This solution matches those of numerical simulation from other methods and acts as a complementary tool to analytical approximations and simulations. The advantages and limitations of various codon-based models are compared, and illustrated by examples with real biological complexities such as slow codons, premature termination and feedback regulation. Our studies reveal that while different models gives broadly similiar trends in many cases, important differences also arise and can be clearly seen, in the dependence of the translation rate on different parameters. Furthermore, the update rule affects the steady state solution.
Conclusions
The codon-based models are based on different levels of abstraction. Our analysis suggests that a multiple model approach to understanding translation allows one to ascertain which aspects of the conclusions are robust with respect to the choice of modelling methodology, and when (and why) important differences may arise. This approach also allows for an optimal use of analysis tools, which is especially important when additional complexities or regulatory mechanisms are included. This approach can provide a robust platform for dissecting translation, and results in an improved predictive framework for applications in systems and synthetic biology.
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Carbon fixation, reduction phase, carbohydrate formation, and regeneration phase.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The pulmonary artery carries de-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs. It is the only artery that carries de-oxygenated blood. This blood is usually from the tissues and has a lot of carbon dioxide from the cellular respiration of cells around the body. The blood is pumped to the lungs to be oxygenated and the carbon dioxide expelled.
Ingested nutrients spend at least 12 hours in the small intestine as chemical digestion and absorption are completed.
