Answer:
Burgess originally meant a freeman of a borough (England, Wales, Ireland) or burgh (Scotland). It later came to mean an elected or unelected official of a municipality, or the representative of a borough in the English House of Commons. The term was also used in some of the American colonies.
<span>It means that citizens "cannot be </span>compelled
to affirm and testify against them, leaving the weight of demonstrating that a man has
carried out a wrongdoing to the administration".
<span>At a
criminal trial, it isn't just the respondent who appreciates the Fifth Amendment
right not to affirm. Witnesses who are called to the testimony box can decline
to answer certain inquiries if replying would ensnare them in a criminal
action.</span>
Answer:
b. John C. Calhoun.
Explanation:
The South Carolina Exposition and Protest, known as Calhoun's Exposition, was written in December 1828 by John C. Calhoun,
Calhoun was Vice President of the United States at the time when John Quincy Adams and Jackson were in turn .
This document, also known as Calhoun Exposition,
exposes Calhoun's doctrine of nullification and sets out the idea that a state has the right to reject federal law. It exposes the reasons for doing that and under which conditions.
Thus, any state has a legitimate right to set aside or strike down any federal law that that state has found to regard as unconstitutional with respect to the Constitution of the United States.
Confederate troops fired at union troops in fort sumpter in charleston south carolina in april 1861
2 houses; the senate and house of representatives
