Answer: the county of Edessa (1097–1150); the principality of Antioch (1098–1287) this is for number 2
1. When Pope Urban had said these and very many similar things in his urbane discourse, he so influenced to one purpose the desires of all who were present that they cried out, ‘It is the will of God! It is the will of God!’’’
So wrote the monk Robert of Rheims in his Historia Hierosolymitana (‘History of Jerusalem’) during the early 1100s. Some years earlier, on 27 November 1095, Urban II preached a public sermon outside the town of Clermont in central France, summoning Christians to take part in the First Crusade, a new form of holy war. It was a carefully stage-managed event, in which the pope’s representative, the papal legate Adhémar of Le Puy, supposedly moved by the pope’s eloquence, tore up strips of cloth to make crosses for the crowds. Urban had been travelling through France accompanied by a large entourage from Italy, dedicating cathedrals and churches and presiding over reforming councils, and his proposed crusade was part of a wider programme of church reform. In March that year, at the Council of Piacenza, a desperate Byzantine emperor, Alexius I Comnenus, had pleaded for western help against the Seljuk Turks, whose conquests were decimating Byzantium and preventing Christians from reaching pilgrimage sites. Urban wanted to extend the hand of friendship to the Orthodox church and to heal the schism with Catholicism, which had gone from bad to worse since the time of his predecessor Leo IX.
We have a number of accounts of Urban’s speech, contemporary and later, although they differ somewhat in what they record. Yet we know that he called on knights to vow to fight in a penitential pilgrimage on Christ’s behalf, in a war to defend the Holy Land from Muslim oppressors, and that he used the Christian symbol of the cross as an emotive sign of commitment to the enterprise. Urban promised the crowds that crusading would not just benefit the church and European Christian society but their own souls, since all sins, past and present, would be wiped away through his dramatic promise of the ‘remission of sins’.
Explanation:
Sparta was at controlling helots, by murdering them, terrorizing them, brainwashing them and beating them into submission. When the Spartans dominance eroded and Greece fell to Rome, helots still did not get their freedom. Instead Of being slaves in Sparta, they became slaves in Rome
you are both wrong the right answer is the taklamakan desert.
Explanation: conflict has led to many geographical shifts mainly in Europe. You have WW1 examples which resulted in many conflicts given all the violence that there was. You have treaties made without other countries’ consents like the Treaty of Versailles. You also have the creation of new countries such as Poland, Yugoslavia, Lithuania, Latvia, the separation or independence of Hungary from Austria. Those small countries surrounding Russia were brought up to stop the spread of communism, since communism was spreading like a “plague” therefore communism wouldn’t reach the powers. Then you had Poland which was established and was used in other to block Russia’s attempt of fighting for land from the regions of the great powers. Poland was there as a sort of blockade between Russia and Germany, Britain, and France. Hope that is clearer:)
