By taking daily antibiotics, people are encouraging resistance by getting their immune systems used to the formulas. Antibiotic resistance<span> occurs when bacteria change in a way that reduces the effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, or other agents designed to cure or prevent infections. The bacteria survive and continue to multiply, causing more harm. I think that people can help by not taking antibiotics for every little pain they have, instead try other simple remedies and only use medicines in cases where other remedies won't help. </span>
I believe the answer is b
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A population is essentially just a collection of all living things in one category. People are one population, insects are another, etc. Communities are "more organized" populations. Soccer players hang out with soccer players, spiders hang out with spiders. We split into "our people" within our population.
I know that may be a little confusing, but if you have anymore questions feel free to ask. I hope I was able to help. Best of luck!
Question 1:
<u>Answer</u>:
The "first line of defence" in innate immunity is "Physical and chemical barriers".
<u>Explanation</u>
"Physical and chemical barriers" is first line of defence includes that are ready to defend the living organism's body from infection at any time . These barriers include your skin, cilia, tears, urine flow, mucus, stomach acid, friendly bacteria and white blood cells . Skin acts as a mechanical barrier as it does not allows all the organism to pass through it unless the skin is cut or open. Similarly mouth eyes, and nose are also the ways through with the disease causing organism can enter the body. The micro-organisms that entered through these pathways are trapped either in saliva or mucus and swallowed and later either killed in the stomach or flushed out via the urine. If this first line of defence is broken or damaged, the second line of defence inside our body will be activated.
Question 2:
<u>Answer:</u>
Histamine kinins, and interleukins are examples of inflammatory mediators.
<u>Explanation</u>:
Inflammatory mediators are identified in inflammatory bowel disease IBD.These mediators play an vital role in the clinical and pathologic characteristics of the disorders. Cytokines, that are released by macrophages in due to antigenic stimuli, are binded different receptors and produce endocrine, autocrine and paracrine effects. Interleukins are a subset of a large group of 'cellular messenger molecules' called cytokines that modulates the cellular behaviour. Interleukins are not stored within cells like cytokines but they are released immediately, in response to a stimulus. Once an interleukin has been secreted, it moves to the target cell and binds to it through a receptor molecule on the surface of the cell . This interaction triggers a sequence of signals in the target cell that ultimately leads to the alteration in the behaviour of the cell.
<u>Answer</u>: Large collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity.
<u>Explanation:</u>
- The name <em>galaxy</em> has been derived from the word <em>galaxies</em> which is a Greek word meaning milky.
- In simple words a galaxy is a collection of a large number of stars, however, to be more precise <em>a galaxy is a gravity-bound collection of stars, dust, gas, dark matter and stellar remnants. </em>
- There are different types of galaxies found in various shapes and size, some of the most common shapes being elliptical, irregular and spiral.
- An example is the milky way galaxy that contains our solar system.
