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Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland are some of the earliest examples of landmark cases in the history of the Supreme Court. Their decisions, which have had lasting impacts on the interpretation of the Constitution, are vital to todays understanding of the federal government.
Marbury v. Madison established the policy of judicial review. Judicial review holds that the court has the power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional should it be inconsistent with the Constitution. This put a sizable check on the power of Congress to pass laws and established the power of the court in the new government.
McCulloch v. Maryland established that when it comes to clashes between state laws and federal laws, federal laws will always trump state laws except for a few rare exceptions. This reaffirmed the power of the new national government and the broad sweeping power it had over the states.
In 1874, a group of Cleveland women organised the Women's Christians Union with the goal to end the production, marketing and consumption of alcohol. This organization put pressure on Ohio and the Federal governments to implement a ban on alcohol. In order to reach their goals, members of this group protested pubs and saloons by singing marching, and draining alcohol. In the initial phase, the members of the group tried to convince people to reduce the consumption of alcohol. In the later phase, however, members of the organization used rather extreme methods to change the mind of the Americans to avoid the consumption of alcohol.
Representative democracy.
The Romans elected representatives to represent them in the Roman senate.
Henry II: Father of the Common Law
western schism was a splitt in the Catholic church between 1378 and 1417 while the victory of Charles Martel in the battle of tours was the victory of Christians over Spanish moors which stopped Muslim advances to Eastern Europe.
Explanation
Western schism occurred due to the conflicts in the Catholic church and two men simulatneously claimed to be the pope.The rivalry defamed the Catholic church and came to an end in 1418.
Battle of tours was much different from western schism because it was not a conflict within a religious authority but a conflict between two kingdoms.