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kolezko [41]
3 years ago
11

Identify and explain three major issues that cut across psychology

Biology
1 answer:
oee [108]3 years ago
4 0
The three major issues that cut across psychology are stability versus change, rationality versus irrationality and nature-nurture issue.
Stability versus change deals with the issue of whether human beings change as they grow older or they remain essentially the same.
Rational versus irrationality illustrates the disparity between a human's mind ability to perceive and interpret correctly or incorrectly.
Nature - nurture issue centered on the relative contribution of genetic inheritance and environmental factors to human development.
 
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Answer:

1. Stabilizing Selection  

2. Directional Selection  

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Explanation:

Stabilizing Selection  

This type of natural selection occurs when there are selective pressures working against two extremes of a trait and therefore the intermediate or “middle” trait is selected for. If we look at a distribution of traits in the population, it is noticeable that a standard distribution is followed:

Example:  For a plant, the plants that are very tall are exposed to more wind and are at risk of being blown over. The plants that are very short fail to get enough sunlight to prosper. Therefore, the plants that are a middle height between the two get both enough sunlight and protection from the wind.

Directional Selection  

This type of natural selection occurs when selective pressures are working in favour of one extreme of a trait. Therefore when looking at a distribution of traits in a population, a graph tends to lean more to one side:

Example: Giraffes with the longest necks are able to reach more leaves to each. Selective pressures will work in the advantage of the longer neck giraffes and therefore the distribution of the trait within the population will shift towards the longer neck trait.

Disruptive Selection  

This type of natural selection occurs when selective pressures are working in favour of the two extremes and against the intermediate trait. This type of selection is not as common. When looking at a trait distribution, there are two higher peaks on both ends with a minimum in the middle as such:

Example: An area that has black, white and grey bunnies contains both black and white rocks. Both the traits for white and black will be favored by natural selection since they both prove useful for camouflage. The intermediate trait of grey does not prove as useful and therefore selective pressures act against the trait.

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16. true

17. true

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