The answer is option 4: <u>He believed in the absolute power of kings.</u>
The England King James I (who ruled from 1603 to1625) clashed with the Parliament's ideas several times for his persistent belief in the absolute power of kings, justified for their divine right, which enabled him to rule over all their subjects without interference from anyone. Instead, the Parliament believed that the King must not rule alone, doing all that he pleased.
They both had very different views on how royal finances had to be handled as well as foreign affairs, for example, the Parliament members held that tax collection was an issue that had to be approved by them in order to improve the crown's finances, which had been seriously weakened by the long war with Spain (1585-1604), as for James I, he wanted to collect the taxes on his own, whose purpose wasn't only to improve the government but also to over-spend on his luxury way of living.
The Articles of Confederation were created the way they were because of the way the British government had oppressed the American colonists. Therefore, the Articles of Confederation were structured in a way that allowed the federal government little to no power over taxes or individual states. Each state has its own individual government that created its own laws and printed its own money.
Middle class European societies, North America. The "Allies," that were against Germany and the Soviet Union depending on which time era/war era you are looking at.
I hope this helps!