In 1860, France invaded Nice and annexed it after the signing of the Treaty of Turin. The Treaty of Turin granted France the Savoy and Nice (with the agreement of the respective populations of these regions with a vote) in exchange for the total military aid of France against the Austrians, thus supporting Italy in its effort to unification. In this treaty, France gave Italy no choice but to give up the County of Nice, at that time populated by Italian citizens.
<span>As workers grew tired of toiling for the benefit of capitalists instead of for themselves, some of them banded together to form the first national labor union, the knights of labor, in 1869.</span>
