Cancer cells are cells that basically bypass any sort of regulatory processes in the cell cycle (and mitosis - the splitting of the cell). This leads to uncontrollable cell growth/duplication which hence leads to more and more cancerous cells. Cancer itself is so hard to cure for a couple of different reasons. If the cells are in the form of a benign tumor, that is a tumor that does not spread from its original infected tissue, it should be "easy" to remove with surgery. However, if it metastasizes, or spreads into surrounding tissues through the lymph or blood systems, then it becomes even harder to remove because of its far reach and complex structure. Also, cancer cells can be simply described as normal body cells that have gone rogue. That being said, things such as antibiotics, that are designed to get rid of foreign bodies, cannot get rid of cancerous cells without getting rid of most of your regular body cells as well simply because they cannot tell the difference.
Hope this helps :)
Rr and rr in the ratio of 1:1
Explanation:
If allele for smooth seed is Dominant over the allele for wrinkled seeds, and they are crossed 50 per-cent of the progeny will be heterozygous dominant and 50 per-cent will be homozygous recessive.
Rr X rr
Rr Rr rr rr F1 generation.
r r
R rR rr
r Rr rr
From Punnet square it will be 50 per-cent chance each of rr and Rr.
Answer:
To solve this question, it is necessary to consider the number of protein structures that have been empirically verified and the number of Open reading frames predicted from sequencing data
Explanation:
The most common methodologies used to determine protein 3D structure are nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray crystallography. Although both methods are efficient, the determination of 3D protein structures in physiological conditions is a time and cost-consuming task. Moreover, due to recent advances in bioinformatics and sequencing methodologies, the amount of protein Open Reading Frames predicted from sequencing data (especially obtained from Next Sequencing Generation studies) is many times higher. Indeed, less than 5% of sequenced proteins have an empirically validated 3D structure.
All the organic molecules produced by autotrophs CONTAINS ENERGY.
Autotrophs are plants that produce their own food using energy from the sun. Products produced by these autotrophs contain inherent energy which humans and animals absorb when they eat these products.
