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Explanation:
Pharmacophore (pharmacology) - The molecular framework responsible for a drug's biological activity. According to IUPAC — A pharmacophore is the ensemble of steric and electronic features that is necessary to ensure the optimal supramolecular interactions with a specific biological target structure and to trigger (or to block) its biological response.
Privileged structures are defined as molecular frameworks which are able of providing useful ligands for more than one type of receptor or enzyme target by judicious structural modifications.
1) The 1,4-dihydropyridine ring is present in many biologically important molecules that acts as an important scaffold for cardiovascular drug - a calcium antagonists and although it is technically not considered as a pharmacophore, it is considered as a privileged structure.
1,4-Dihydropyridine (DHP), belongs to the class of calcium antagonist that inhibits the influx of extracellular Ca+2 through the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels.
A positional substitution in the 4-position is feasible in the heterocyclic ring which in turn culminates in various calcium channel antagonist activities and this heterocyclic ring is the common feature for various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory activity, analgesic activity,
antihypertensive, antianginal, antitumor, antitubercular activity and antithrombotic .
Position on the heterocyclic ring binds to the L-type channel and also to N-type channel on membranes.
2.) The bioisosteres are not a suitable bioisostere for the traditional C-4 aryl or heteroaryl substitution which is necessary for calcium ion blockage thereby inhibiting it to function with the mechanism shared above.
Answer:
Plant eat CO2 and make O2. Human eat O2 and make CO2.
Explanation:
facts
The answer is b. The ability of all living things to maintain a relatively stable internal environment
Answer:
C. Social Media reach people whom advertisers are interested in reaching.
Explanation:
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Answer:
Explanation:
Cell specialization is also called cell differentiation. Through this process, specialized cells form from the unspecialized cells. Then many cells are formed and determined to form specialized functions.
The stem cells are the unspecialized cells which form a different kind of specialized cells.
The muscle cells, nerve cells, sperm cells, red blood cells are specialized cells perform different specialized functions. All these cells arise from stem cells. The nerve cells receive impulse, muscle cells can contract, etc.
There are certain inductive signaling genes that send the signal to the differentiated cells. These signaling molecules are called ligands. These ligands move to another cell to produce specialized cells. In other words, there are some transcription factors and genes responsible for such cell differentiation and the formation of specialized cells.
Another example is zygote, which is an unspecialized cell. This is also a totipotent cell that has the potentiality to reproduce different cells.
