The body's nonspecific defiance against invading pathogens is known as innate immunity and includes the following:
mechanical barriers and surface secretions
1. The intact skin and mucous membranes of the body. These provide a high degree of protection against pathogens.
2. The sebaceous secretions and sweat of the skin contain bactericidal and fungicidal fatty acids that can kill bacteria and fungi.
3. Normal bacterial flora of the skin may produce various antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocines and acids.
Humoral defence mechanisms
1. Lysozyme. This is an enzyme found in most tissue fluids apart from cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and sweat. It can kill bacteria.
2. Interferon. Inhibits viruses from replicating
3. Complement. This is a heat labile serum that can destroy gram-negative bacteria.
Answer:
Meiosis is a special type of cell division in sexually-reproducing organisms used to produce the gametes, such as sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells with only one copy of each chromosome.
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O4) Screening tests
Explanation:
The screening test is used to make early detection of diseases in order to apply effective treatments. For example, a screening blood test enables the identification of toxins and/or drugs in the patient's system in a relatively low amount of time (generally 24 hours). This bioassay is used for the toxin determination of the effluent sample (i.e., a sample collected and analyzed to evaluate system performance) to the tested species. The screening test generally consists of applying two treatments (i.e., one effluent sample and one control).
The answer is D) herbivores
Answer:
You will measure the rate of your pules and how fast its going.
You need to keep the thing you are doing for example( if your running you have to make the people run the same length as every one else.
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