The spread of Islam or the islamic missionary work or dawah means to "invite" (in Arabic, literally "invitation") to Islam. After the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, from the 7th century onwards, Islam spread rapidly from the Arabian Peninsula to the rest of the world through either trade and exploration or Muslim conquests.
Byzantium/Constantinople was conquered in 1451, but the empire continued to decline starting around the 18th or 19th centuries. It officially died in WWI. As for how long it was a major threat to Europe, the empire's prime was the 16th century, under Suleiman the Magnificent.
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1. More people could boycott againts chocolate and hat would decrease the amount of chocolate that needs to be made which would decrease the amount of slaves needed.
2.
-The first essential process for the formation of the substances responsible for cocoa flavour is the fermentation of these seeds, which involves several chemical reactions. What is important to remember is that it’s during this process that the seed’s storage protein begins to be broken down into its constituent amino acids.
-The next step is roasting, which allows for the evaporation of water and also of some compounds of the cocoa beans with unpleasant smell and taste. Roasting is the chemical cascade of reactions that occur between the amino acids formed in fermentation and the sugars in the grain. Such reactions lead to the compounds responsible for flavour and taste of chocolate (aldehydes, esters, ketones, furans) and also form the compounds which give the brown colour to the grain.
-Crystallization. The main responsible for the texture of chocolate, cocoa butter, can crystallize in six different ways, a property known as polymorphism.
-Polymorphism is a different arrangement of molecules to form a solid state. But various physical properties such as colour, brightness and melting temperature result of this arrangement. Of the six possible forms of polymorphism for chocolate, only one has the features that consumers appreciate: it has a silky surface, a smooth texture and it melts on the tongue.
-This tastier form is not the most stable one. And the ultimate challenge for chocolate makers is to ensure that all the chocolate crystallizes in the right way. This can only be achieved through a cycle of heating and cooling with carefully controlled temperatures.
-If you leave your chocolate in the heat it will lose its special features and be insipid and difficult to melt in the mouth.
-Keep your chocolate at the right temperature, to avoid wasting.
Answer: Economic System study guide by Maygan_Britten includes 32 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades.
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